References

Acc94

Access Software.
Under a Killing Moon [CD-ROM].
Access Software, Salt Lake City UT, 1994.

Ada96

Scott Adams.
What is Adventure?
[Web] Available: http://www.pcii.net/ msadams/advent.htm, 1996.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Ada98a

Douglas Adams.
Starship Titanic [CD-ROM].
The Digital Village, London, 1998.

Ada98b

Rick Adams.
A History of Original Adventure.
[Web] Available: http://people.delphi.com/rickadams/Adventure/a_history.html, 1998.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Ade95

Adeline Software.
Relentless: Twinsen's Adventure [CD-ROM].
Activision, Los Angeles, 1995.

AG73

Dave Arneson and Gary Gygax.
Dungeons & Dragons.
TSR, Lake Geneva WI, 1973.

AG85

Tim Anderson and Stu Galley.
"The History of Zork".
The New Zork Times [Web] Available: http://www.csd.uwo.ca/ pete/Infocom/Articles/NZT/zorkhist.html, 4:1-3 1985.
[Last accessed June 1999].

AM84

Douglas Adams and Steve Meretzky.
Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy [Diskette].
Infocom, 1984.

AtSHBBC

Aristotle and trans. S. H. Butcher.
Poetics.
[Web] Available: http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/poetics.html, 350BC.

Bar90

Richard Bartle.
Early MUD History.
[Web] Available: http://www.mud.co.uk/richard/mudhist.htm, 1990.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Bar97

Jorn Barger.
Racter FAQ.
[Web] Available: http://www.robotwisdom.com/ai/racterfaq.html, 1997.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Bat88

Joseph Bates.
The Oz Project.
Computer program, 1988.
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/oz/web/oz.html.

Bau04

L. Frank Baum.
The Marvelous Land of Oz.
[Web] Available: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/web/people/rgs/ozland-table.html, 1904.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Bea94

Scott Blair and et al.
WaxWeb.
[Web/MUD] Available: http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/was/, 1994.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Bec96

Howard Becker.
A New Art Form: Hypertext Fiction.
[Web] Available: http://www.guilford.edu/web_class_96/ppages/john/tristram/new_art.htm, 1996.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Ber95

Berkeley Systems.
You Don't Know Jack [CD-ROM].
Berkeley Systems, Berkeley CA, 1995.
[Information: http://www.berksys.com/jack/jack.html].

BJW43

Cleanth Brooks Jr. and Robert Penn Warren.
Understanding Fiction.
Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc., New York, 1943.

BL96

Tim Berners-Lee.
The World Wide Web: Past, Present and Future.
[Web] Available: http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/1996/ppf.html, 1996.
[Last accessed July 1999].

Boo61

Wayne C Booth.
The Rhetoric of Fiction.
Chicago Press, 1961.

Bri99

Brittanica Software.
Encyclopedia Brittanica CD 99 Multimedia Edition [CD-ROM].
Encyclopedia Brittanica Inc., Chicago, 1999.
[Information: http://corporate.eb.com/].

Bro85

Broderbund.
Carmen Sandiego [CD-ROM].
Broderbund, Novato CA, 1985.

Bro90

Karen D'Angelo Bromley.
Webbing with Literature.
Allyn And Bacon, Boston, 1990.

Bro96a

Kevin Brooks.
"Do Story Agents Use Rocking Chairs?".
In Proceedings of ACM Multimedia 96, pages 317-328, Boston MA, 1996. The Digital Village.

Bro96b

Peter Brooks.
"Reading for the Plot".
In Susan Onega and Jose Angle Garcia Landa, editors, Narratology: An Introduction. Longman, London, 1996.

Bru90

Jerome Bruner.
Acts of Meaning.
Harvard Unniversity Press, Cambridge MA, 1990.

Buc96

Aaron Buckley.
Kinds of Conceptual Maps.
[Web] Available: http://classes.aces.uius.edu/AIM/Discovery/Mind/c-m2.html, July 1996.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Bur96

Philippa Burne.
24 Hours With Someone You Know.
[Web] Available: http://www.glasswings.com.au/modern/24hours/, 1996.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Cam93

Joseph Campbell.
The Hero With A Thousand Faces.
Fontana Press, London, 1993.

Cap46

Frank Capra.
It's a Wonderful Life.
Liberty Films/RKO Radio Pictures, 1946.

Car93

John Carmack.
DOOM [CD-ROM].
ID Software, Mesquite TX, 1993.

CCW77

Willie Crowther, Patricia Crowther, and Don Woods.
Colossal Caves.
[Computer program], 1977.
This game may be played on the Web at: <http://tjwww.stanford.edu/adventure/>.

Cea89

John Crane and et al.
DragonMUD.
[MUD] Available: telnet://dragonmud.infonex.net:4201, 1989.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Cha78

Seymour Chatman.
Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film.
Cornell University Press, Ithaca NY, 1978.

CMea94

Robert Coover, Tom Meyer, and et al.
Hypertext Hotel.
[MUD/Web] Available: duke.cs.brown.edu:8888/, 1994.
[Currently unavailable on Internet. May soon be located at http://hotel.cs.brown.edu].

Coo92

Robert Coover.
"The End of Books".
The New York Times, page [Web] Available: http://search.nytimes.com/search/daily/bin/fastweb?getdoc+site+site+88229+9+wAAA+Coover%7ERobert%7EEnd%7EBooks, 21 June 1992.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Coo93a

Robert Coover.
"Hyperfiction; And Hypertext Is Only the Beginning. Watch Out!".
The New York Times, page [Web] Available: http://search.nytimes.com/books/search/bin/fastweb?getdoc+book-news+book-n+28685+24+wAAA+coover , 29 August 1993.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Coo93b

Robert Coover.
"Hyperfiction; And Now, Boot Up the Reviews".
The New York Times, page [Web] Available: http://search.nytimes.com/books/search/bin/fastweb?getdoc+book-news+book-n+28688+22+wAAA+coover, 29 August 1993.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Coo93c

Robert Coover.
"Hyperfiction; Hyperfiction: Novels for the Computer".
The New York Times, page [Web] Available: http://search.nytimes.com/books/search/bin/fastweb?getdoc+book-news+book-n+28687+23+wAAA+coover, 29 August 1993.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Coo95

Douglas Cooper.
Delirium.
[Web] Available: http://pathfinder.com/@@*kiVjQQAGReks36T/twep/features/delirium/map.html, 1995.
[Last accessed June 1999].

CS88

Steven Cohan and Linda M. Shires.
Telling Stories: a Theoretical Analysis.
Routledge, New York, 1988.

CtGR66

Julio Cortazar and trans. Gregory Rabassa.
Hopscotch.
Pantheon, New York, 1966.

Dee94

Charles Deemer.
Stories of Downtown Anywhere.
[Web] Available: http://www.awa.com/stories/, 1994.
[no longer accessible].

Deh81

N. Dehn.
Author.
computer program, 1981.

Det31

Detection Club.
The Floating Admiral.
Hodder and Stoughton, 1931.

Dic52

Charles Dickens.
Bleak House.
[FTP] Available: ftp://uiarchive.sco.uiuc.edu/pub/etext/gutenberg/etext97/blkhs10.txt from New American Library edition, New York, 1852.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Din34

Isak Dinesen.
Seven Gothic Tales.
Random House, New York, 1934.

Dol99

Ian Dollery.
Neverending Story [NES].
pers. com., phone call, 2 June 1999.

Eea94

Sam Epstein and et al.
The Sprawl.
[Web/MUD] Available: http://sensemedia.net/sprawl/, 1994.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Eli39

T.S. Eliot.
Old Possum's Book of Practical Cats.
[Web] Available: http://www.kirtland.cc.mi.us/honors/possums.htm, 1939.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Epi97

Epic Mega Games and High Score Entertainment.
Extreme Pinball [CD-ROM].
Electronic Arts, Bournemouth UK, 1997.
[Information: http://www.epicgames.co.uk/extreme.htm].

Evr85

Evryware.
The Ancient Art of War [Diskette].
Evryware, Olympia WA, 1985.
[Information: http://evryware.com].

Fea94

Allen S Firstenberg and et al.
Addventure.
[Web] Available: http://www.addventure.com/addventure/, 1994.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Fel93

Lee Felsenstein.
"The Commons of Information".
Dr. Dobb's Journal, 18(5):18-24, May 1993.

Fir

Allen S. Firstenberg.
History of Addventure.
[Web] Available: http://www.addventure.com/addv-bin/history.phtml/addventure/game2/episode
[Last accessed June 1999].

For27

E. M. Forster.
Aspects of the Novel.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York, 1927.

Gam86

Sega Games.
OutRun [Arcade/Platform].
Sega, Redwood City CA, 1986.
[Information: http://www.sega.com].

Gar84

John Gardner.
The Art of Fiction: Notes on Craft for Young Writers.
Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1984.

Gay95

Douglas Gayeton.
Johnny Mnemonic [CD-ROM].
Sony Imagesoft, Santa Monics CA, 1995.

GD96

Toby Gard and Core Design.
Tomb Raider [CD-ROM].
Eidos Interactive, London, 1996.
[Information: www.ctimes.net].

Goo81

Nelson Goodman.
Twisted tales.
In W.J.T. Mitchell, editor, On Narrative. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1981.

Gre90

Kate Grenville.
The Writing Book: A Workbook for Fiction Writers.
Allen & Unwin, St Leonards NSW, 1990.

Gre93

Phillip Greenspun.
Travels with Samantha.
[Web] Available: http://www-swiss.ai.mit.edu/samantha/travels-with-samantha.html, 1993.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Gri95

Steven Grimm.
Babylon 5 Behind the Scenes: The Philosophy.
[Web] Available: http://www.midwinter.com/lurk/making/philosophy.html, 1995.
[Last accessed July 1999].

GS96

Roger Giner-Sorolla.
Crimes Against Mimesis.
[Web] Available: http://bang.dhs.org/library/design/mimesis.html, 1996.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Hah97

Joel Hahn.
rec.games.frp.dnd FAQ.
[Usenet/Web] Available: http://www.enteract.com/ aardy/faq/rgfdfaq3.html, 1997.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Hol80

Hugh C. Holman.
A Handbook to Literature.
Bobbs-Merrill Educational Publishing, Indianapolis, 4th edition, 1980.

How97

Howling Dog Systems.
Powerchords [CD-ROM].
Howling Dog Systems, 1997.
<http://www.howlingdog.com/powercho.htm>.

HtSBBC

Homer and trans. Samuel Butler.
Odyssey.
[Web] Available: http://classic.mit.edu/homer/odyssey.html, 800BC.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Hus51

John Huston.
The African Queen.
Horizon Films, 1951.

Ima97

Imaginary Studio.
Homicide: Second Shift.
[Web] Available: http://www.nbc.com/homicide/, New York, 1997.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Jar91

Jim Jarmusch.
Night on Earth.
JVC Entertainment, 1991.

Joh88

Charles Johnson.
Being & Race: Black Writing since 1970.
Indiana University Press, Bloomington IN, 1988.

Joy91

Michael Joyce.
afternoon, a story [Diskette].
Eastgate Systems, Cambridge MA, 1991.
[Information: http://www.eastgate.com/catalog/Afternoon.html].

Kog98

Norm Koger.
The Operational Art of War, Volume 1, 1939-1955 [CD-ROM].
Talonsoft, 1998.
[Information: http://home.austin.rr.com/normkoger/toaw1.html].

Kon91

Konami.
The Simpsons [Arcade].
Konami, Redwood City CA, 1991.

Leb85

Michael Lebowitz.
Universe.
Computer program, 1985.

Lei97

Barry Leiner.
A Brief History of the Internet.
[Web] Available: http://www.newdomains.net/internet_history.html, 1997.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Lev

Steven Levy.
The Colossal Cave Adventure Page.
[Web] Available: http://www.winternet.com/ radams/adventure, 1990s.
[Last Accessed June 1999].

Log97

Logic Factory, The.
Tone Rebellion [CD-ROM].
Virgin Interactive, Irvine CA, 1997.

LR86

Norma J. Livo and Sandra A. Rietz.
Storytelling: Process and Practice.
Libraries Unlimited, Inc., Littleton CO, 1986.

LtMK74

Stanislaw Lem and trans. Michael Kandel.
Cyberiad.
Seabury Press, New York, 1974.

Mac99

Macromedia.
Dreamweaver 2.0 [CD-ROM].
Macromedia, San Franciso CA, 1999.
[Information: http://www.macromedia.com/software/dreamweaver/].

Mas54

A. H. Maslow.
Motivation and Personality.
Harper & Brothers, New York, 1954.

Mau92

Hermann Maurer.
Hyper-G/Hyperwave.
Computer program, 1992.

May94

Mercer Mayer.
Just Grandma and Me. [CD-ROM].
Living Books, Novato CA, 1994.

McC93

Scott McCloud.
Understanding Comics: The Invisible Art.
Kitchen Sink Press, Northampton MA, 1993.

Mea95

Mike Maerz and et al.
The Palace.
Computer program available [Web] http://www.thepalace.com, 1995.
Published by Communities.com.

Med94

Media Vision.
The Forever Growing Garden [CD-ROM].
Media Vision, Fremont CA, 1994.
[Information: http://www.svtus.com/index1.html].

Mee76

James Meehan.
Tale-spin.
Computer program, 1976.

Min93

Stephen Minot.
Three Genres: The Writing of Poetry, Fiction and Drama.
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs NJ, 5th edition, 1993.

MM93

Rand Miller and Robyn Miller.
Myst [CD-ROM].
Broderbund, Novato CA, 1993.

Mou91

Stuart Moulthrop.
Victory Garden [Diskette].
Eastgate Systems, Cambridge MA, 1991.
[Information: http://www.eastgate.com/catalog/VictoryGarden.html].

MSB90

Drew Maxwell, Steven Stadnicki, Paul Blair, William Haas, Conrad Wong, Claire Benedikt, and et al.
FurryMUCK.
[MUD] Available: telnet://furry.org:8888, 1990.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Nam97

Namco.
Time Crisis [Arcade/Platform].
Sony, 1997.

Nat99

National Research Council.
Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research.
[Web] Available: http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/far/ch7.html, 1999.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Nel80

Theodor Holm Nelson.
Literary Machines.
Mindful Press, Sausalito CA, 1980.

Nel94

Ted Nelson.
Hyperformance in the Hyperfuture.
[Web] Available: http://www.xanadu.com.au/archive/hyperformance.html, 1994.
[Last accessed July 1999].

Nel95

Graham Nelson.
The Craft of Adventure.
[Web] Available: http://www.gnelson.demon.co.uk/craft/craft04.html, 1993-95.
[Last accessed June 1999].

New96

New World Computing.
Heroes of Might and Magic II [CD-ROM].
New World Computing, Redwood City CA, 1996.
[Information: http://www.nwcomputing.com].

Nic93

Maurizio Nichetti.
Stefano Quantestorie.
Bambu, 1993.

Nor88

Donald Norman.
The Design of Everyday Things.
MIT Press, London, 1988.

Nys98

Chris Nystrom.
Classic Computer Game: Star Trek.
[Web] Available: http://www.sig.net/ ccn/startrek.html, 1998.
[Last accessed August 1998, not currently accessible].

O'B96

Rockne O'Bannon.
Eon-4.
[Web] Available: http://www.eon-4.com, 1996.
[Currently unavailable on the Internet].

Ori98

Origin Systems.
Ultima Online.
[Web/CD-ROM] Available: http://www.owo.com, Austin Texas, 1998.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Pam97

Andrew Pam.
Xanadu FAQ.
[Web] Available: http://www.xanadu.com.au/xanadu/faq.html, 1997.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Par98

Paramount Pictures.
Star Trek: Continuum.
[Web] Available: http://www.startrek.com/startrek.asp, 1998.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Per78

Georges Perec.
La Vie: Mode d'Emploi.
Hachette Litterature, Paris, 1978.

PH94

Melanie Anne Phillips and Chris Huntley.
Dramatica [CD-ROM].
Screenplay Systems Inc., 1994.

Pra95

Terry Prattchett.
Discworld [CD-ROM].
Psygnosis, London, 1995.
[Information: http://www.psygnosis.com/].

PtLR77

Georges Polti and trans. Lucille Ray.
The 36 Dramatic Situations (Trente-six Situations Dramatique 1895).
The Writer, Boston, 1977.

PtLWD69

Vladimir Propp, trans. Louis Wagner, and A. Dundes.
Morphology of the Folktale.
University of Texas Press, 2nd edition, 1969.

RC94

Jeff Rosen and Andrew Cochran.
Theodore Tugboat: Theodore's Surprise Friend.
[Web] Available: http://www.cochran.com/theodore/activities/interactiveStories/stories/s f/default.html, 1994.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Ros97

Winn L. Rosch.
Winn L. Rosch Hardware Bible, Premier edition.
Sams, Indianapolis IN, 1997.

Rya91

Marie-Laure Ryan.
Possible Worlds, Artificial Intelligence and Narrative Theory.
Indiana University Press, Bloomington IN, 1991.

SB96

Erich Schaefer and David Brevik.
Diablo [CD-ROM].
Blizzard Entertainment, Irvine CA, 1996.

Seg94

Sega Games.
Virtua Fighter [Arcade/Platform].
Sega Games, Redwood City CA, 1994.
[Information: http://www.sega.com].

Shu95

Michael Shumate.
Hyperzions.
[Web] Available: http://www.duke.edu/ mshumate/hyperfic.html, 1995.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Sie91

Sierra.
Ecoquest: The Search for Cetus [Diskette].
Sierra, Coarsegold CA, 1991.
[Information: http://www.sierra.com].

SK68

Robert Scholes and Robert Kellogg.
The Nature of Narrative.
Oxford University Press, New York, 1966, paperback edition 1968.

Sma99

Derek Smart.
Battlecruiser 3000AD 2.0 [CD-ROM].
3000ad Inc., Ft. Lauderdale FL, 1999.
[Information: http://www.bc3000ad.com/].

Sny96

Ilana Snyder.
The Electronic Labyrinth.
Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1996.

Spi94

Art Spiegelman.
The Complete Maus [CD-ROM].
Voyager Company, New York, 1994.

Sta89

Richard Stallman.
General Public License.
[Web] Available: http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html, 1989.
[Last accessed July1999].

Sta96

Richard Stallman.
GNU.
Computer program, 1996.
Available: http://www.gnu.org/.

Ste67

Laurence Sterne.
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, page [FTP] ftp://src.doc.ic.ac.uk/media/literary/collections/project_gutenberg/gutenberg/etext97/shndy10.txt
Gutenberg Project, 1997, orig. 1760-1767.

Str93

J. Michael Straczynski.
Overview of the Babylon 5 Storyline.
[Web] Available: http://www.midwiner.com/lurk/universe/five-yer-overview.html, 1993.
[Last accessed July 1999].

Stu95

Wayne Studer.
Oregon Trail II [CD-ROM].
Minnesota Educational Computing Corp, 1993 & 1995.

Swe90

Robert Burdette Sweet.
Writing Toward Wisdom: The Writer as Shaman.
Helios House, Carmichael CA, 1990.

Tab94

Tabyathe.
Furtoonia.
[MUD] Available: telnet://ft.catsden.net:9999, 1994.
[Last accessed July 1999].

Tak94

Isao Takahata.
Hesei Gassen Tanuki Ponpoko.
Studio Ghibli, 1994.

Ten96

Douglas TenNapel.
The Neverhood [CD-ROM].
The Neverhood, Lake Forest CA, 1996.

Tol69

J.R.R. Tolkein.
Smith of Wootton Major/Farmer Giles of Ham.
Ballantyne Books, New York, 1969.

Tor94

Linus Torvalds.
Linux 1.0.
Computer program, 1994.
Available: http://www.linux.org/.

Uni99

Unicode Consortium.
Unicode.
[Web] Available: http://www.unicode.org/, 1999.
Last accessed July1999.

Unk

Unknown.
"Roberta Williams".
San Francisco Chronicle, circa 1980s-90s.
This is a quote used for promotional purposes on the cover of The Roberta Williams Anthology.

Unk96

Unknown.
Combining Storylines and Character Freedom.
[Web] Available: http://www.istari.org/ olik/Creativity_Design.html, 1996.
[Last accessed July 1999].

vdL94

Kees van der Laan.
"What is TeX and METAfont all about?".
TeX file, 1994.
[Web] Available: http://ctan.unsw.edu.au/tex-archive/info/whatstex/wots.tex.

Wei66

J Weizenbaum.
"ELIZA - A computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine".
In Communications of the ACM, volume 9, pages 36-45. Association for Computing Machinery, 1966.
ELIZA, ELIZA variants, and Racter-like programs can be downloaded at: <http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/ai-repository/ai/areas/classics/eliza/ 0.html> <ftp://eecs/nwu.edu/pub/eliza/>.

Whi93

David Whitten.
Plot Vs Interactivity.
[Web] Available: http://bang.dhs.org/raif/1/msg00446.html, 1993.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Wil27

Thornton Wilder.
The Bridge of San Luis Rey.
[Web] Available: http://www.thornton-wilder.com/novels/bridge_text.html from Penguin edition, New York, 1927.
[Last accessed June 1999, currently only an excerpt is available].

Wil38

Thornton Wilder.
Our Town.
[Web] Available: http://www.thornton-wilder.com/plays/ot_text.html from Samuel French edition, New York, 1938.
[Last Accessed June 1999].

Wil94

G. Kevin Wilson.
Whizzard's Guide to Text Adventure Authorship.
[FTP] Available: ftp://ftp.gmd.de/if-archive/info/authorship-guide.base, 1994.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Wil98

Roberta Williams.
Roberta Williams.
[Web] Available: http://www.sierra.com/corp/info/history/content.html, 1998.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Wor96

Worlds Inc.
Alpha Worlds [CD-ROM/MUD].
Worlds Inc., Boston MA, 1996.
Information available: http://www.worlds.com Boston MA.

Wor99a

World Wide Web Consortium.
Amaya 2.1.
Computer program, 1999.
Available: http://www.w3c.org/Amaya/.

Wor99b

World Wide Web Consortium.
Web Lint.
Computer program, 1999.
Available: http://validator.w3.org/.

WS95

Darryl Wimberly and Jon Samsel.
Interactive Writers Handbook.
Carronade Group, LA, 1995.
[Information: http://www.carronde.com/writer/iwh.html].

Yaz96

Masoud Yazdani.
Computational Story Writing.
[Web] Available: http://www.media.uwe.ac.uk/ masoud/author/story/story-2.htm, 1996.
[Last accessed June 1999].

Zak96

Scott Zakarin.
The Spot .
[Web] Available: http://www.thespot.com/ Lightspeed Media, Culver City CA., 1996.
[Last accessed June 1999, but story no longer available].

ZCM98

Polle T. Zellweger, Bay-Wei Chang, and Jock D. Mackinlay.
"Fluid Links for Informed and Incremental Link Transitions".
In Proceedings of ACM Hypertext 98, page [Web] Available: http://www.acm.org/pubs/citations/proceedings/hypertext/276627/p50-zellweger/ , 1998.

Zoe99

Hans U. Zoebelein.
The Internet Operating System Counter.
Web Available: http://www.leb.net/hzo/ioscount/index.html, 1999.
Last acessed July 1999.