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https://theconversation.com/how-underwater-booms-could-provide-earlier-warning-of-deadly-volcanic-tsunamis-290318>
"The massive January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano in the Kingdom of Tonga
took the world by surprise.
It blasted a plume more than 50km into the atmosphere, sent pressure waves
around the globe and generated a series of tsunamis, devastating parts of Tonga
and killing at least three people.
But one of the most important things we’ve learned since this historic event is
that these tsunamis did not all stem from the same cause.
The first were generated by enormous explosions during the opening stages of
the eruption. On nearby Tongatapu, waves with run-ups of one to four metres
began arriving within minutes.
Then, more than an hour later, something much more destructive happened. A
tsunami with run-ups reaching 18 to 40 metres struck islands within 100km of
Hunga, destroying resorts and villages across southern and central Tonga.
Our newly published research shows this largest tsunami was generated not by
another explosion, but by the sudden collapse of the volcano’s caldera – and
that the collapse produced an underwater sound detectable thousands of
kilometres away.
That finding could point to a new way of warning communities about some of the
most unpredictable types of tsunamis on Earth."
Cheers,
*** Xanni ***
--
mailto:xanni@xanadu.net Andrew Pam
http://xanadu.com.au/ Chief Scientist, Xanadu
https://glasswings.com.au/ Partner, Glass Wings
https://sericyb.com.au/ Manager, Serious Cybernetics
